Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Mathematician and Physicist

A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift - 1333 Words

â€Å"A modest proposal† by Jonathan Swift is an essay, which was written to elaborate the poverty of people in Ireland. Where poor viewed as having an absence of worth in the public eye, playing no essential part in more noteworthy else s benefit of the people. Swift uses situational irony in this essay which also represented a work of satire. By definition situational irony happens when the final outcome is opposing to what was expected. Basically his proposal was for poor children roaming around the streets. This proposal would protect these poor children from future inequality and being burden on their parents. In this essay situational and verbal occurs due to the economic crisis in Ireland during 1700s. Having looked at the title, â€Å"The Modest Proposal†, which is ironic itself because the word â€Å"modest† means to be fair or acceptable, but people did not felt fair or accepting this proposal. The economy was not stable in Ireland during 1700s; large amount of people went into poverty, hence Swift came up with a proposal. This was for poor children who were seen as burden on their parents. Here swift suggests that Ireland’s overpopulation problem has redefined the physical landscape of the country. In other words, that Ireland has become very populated, which is affecting the country’s physical appearance in terms of agriculture. It’s ironic that restrictions on agriculture prevent the land from being develop, while landowners are neglecting their responsibilities on dailyShow MoreRelatedA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesIn Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, we are exposed to the timeless issue of homelessness and the state’s role in their social welfare. Swift was a fervent Irish patriot who was disgusted by the flourishing trend of beggars and hungry children that flooded the streets of his beloved country. This topic is relatable as this is a social issue that plagues many countries in the present age. Swift presents a satirical argument in which he proposes Ireland adopt the horrific practices of eating theirRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1647 Words   |  7 PagesSatire in â€Å"A Modest Proposal† and Different Articles Jonathan Swift, author of â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† tries to present different ideas in order to change the situation of Ireland. Through his proposal, he is able to get people’s attention, and the way he uses satire throughout the article made his argument more successful. He wrote this essay to show how ignored and bad the state of Ireland and its social classes are. In â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, Swift effectively uses rhetorical exaggeration to expressRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift982 Words   |  4 Pages Jonathan Swift, author of â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† tries to present different ideas in order to change the situation of Ireland. Through his proposal, he is able to get his point across. He wrote this essay to show how undeveloped and bad the state of Ireland is and the social classes. In â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, Swift effectively uses insincerity, sarcasm, and rhetorical exaggeration to reveal his annoyance of politicians, papists, and overall citizens of poverty-stricken Ireland in the late seventeenthRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift813 Words   |  4 PagesJonathan Swift, author of the satirical piece â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† organized an outrageous proposal to the people of Ireland. In this pamphlet, Swift offered his personal views on how to overcome Ireland’s issue of overpopulation and poverty. By raising nationwide attention, Swift plan to shock the readers by emphasizing the idea of cannibalism as a way to deal with Irelandâ€℠¢s problems. Swift’s technique of audience, tone, and pathos help determine the advantages and disadvantages of â€Å"A Model Proposal†Read MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift860 Words   |  4 PagesI was informed to read â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift as an assignment for creating annotated bibliographies, I began to develop an interest on how Swift came about the matter of his request into rebuilding Ireland s economy and way of life. I believed that Swift added cannibalizing children to the subject matter to give his proposal a more profound and eye-opening effect, but my readings further piqued my interests on the topic. As a result, I researched Jonathan Swift’s motives and styleRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1057 Words   |  5 Pages A Modest Proposal â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, written in 1979 by Jonathan Swift, is a fascinating sardonic, overwhelming hyperbole. He explores the miserable fate of poverty-striven Irish whose struggle in vain in an effort to feed their huge emaciated families. In the essay, Swift advocates that the penurious Irish should sell their babies to the rich ladies and gentlemen and obtain monetary power required to ease their economic predicaments. The straight-faced parody that features predominantly in theRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1340 Words   |  6 PagesA Modest Proposal was written in the year 1729 by the famous satirist Jonathan Swift. In his work he outlines the pros of eating unwanted children of Ireland for economical benefits in a time of great poverty. While the reader can obviously discard the idea of eating children, in his proposal, in a roundabout way, Swift speaks to hard pressing issues of the time. The state of Ireland is well described by Swift in this piece. He speaks of woman who â€Å"instead of being able to work for their honestRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1795 Words   |  8 PagesHave you ever thought about eating an infant to ease your economic hardship? You’re not the only one! Jonathan Swift wrote an entire pamphlet about it (satirically, of course). Satire has the ability to point out societal inadequacy and ridicule political policies in a way that is humorous in its absurdity while masking its true intent. In A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift, the author’s use of exaggeration and irony to draw attention to the meaningless lives of the Irish people to English ruleRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1032 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Swift’s satirical pamphlet, A Modest Proposal, as a way to ironically find a way For the CommonWealth of Ireland to benefit from the starving children. He proposes the idea that an un wanted child should be fattened up then feed to landlords or have their meat sold in the market. In turn curing the nation’s problem of overpopulation and contribute to the economic well-being of the nation. Swift’s satire exploits the fundamental human function of eating. The need to eat is a driving humanRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1001 Words   |  5 PagesThe story ‘A Modest Proposal’ makes the readers feel a sense of dread and disgust. ‘The Modest Proposal’ is a pamphlet written by Jonathan Swift, a satirist from the Dublin literary world, and it is a proposal being proposed narrated by â€Å"the economic projector [and] an ostensibly genuine voice which can usefully be called Swift s† (Phiddian 610) such as in previous writings, the proposal is a plan to make 20,000 poor people breed, sell the rest for money for the 20,000 poor, to raise 20,000 of the

Vietnam Essay Example For Students

Vietnam Essay President Wilsons righteous views of his efforts were so strong that not even the advice and urging of his closest confidants could sway his stance. While it is true that opposition forces helped to defeat the treaty, it was ultimately Wilsons stubbornness that led to its defeat in the Senate. There were many factors that led to the initial outbreak of World War I in Europe. A constant struggle to gain the upper hand in the balance of power existed, and it resulted in the formation of many alliances between European nations. For the most part, these agreements stipulated that the nations would aid one another if one of them were to be attacked by an enemy. Eventually two distinct sides formed: the Allies and the Central Powers. The former consisted of Britain, France, Italy, and Japan, while the latter was made up of Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and what was left of the Ottoman Empire. Nationalism was an important factor in the outbreak of war as well. The French desperately wanted revenge against Germany, as well as the return of the Alsace-Lorraine region, which Germany had seized, from them. The Germans had their own nationalism at work, as their government took great pride in the industrial growth of the country, as well as the mounting power of their military. Conflict for power existed not only in Europe, but also because of imperialism it spread across much of the Eastern Hemisphere. First and foremost, economic rivalries had developed between Britain, Germany, and France. The two Allied members of the group were very concerned about their Central opponent, as both wished to contain Germanys territorial claims on the resource- and labor-rich continent of Africa. But what would ultimately lead to the outbreak of the First World War was Germanys ever-increasing belief in militarism. The German military power had continued to grow as their industrial sector did the same; such power was seen as a symbol of national pride by the government. Other nat ions had built up their arms stockpiles as well, though they did not glorify it nearly as much as the Germans did. Nevertheless, the availability of arms, when combined with other political and economic factors, meant that a full-scale conflict was all but unavoidable. Billions upon billions of dollars worth of resources were poured into manpower and resources in World War I, yet after millions of lives were being lost to gruesome trench warfare, little was being gained by either side; for all their toils, the Allies and Central Powers were at a stalemate. The United States, tied to British trade, and supporters of their system of democracy, broke their official neutrality policy that dated back to the days of George Washington and joined the Allied powers. U.S. support would prove to be enough of a boost to strike down the Central Powers attack, and it also signaled Americas entrance into the peace negotiations that followed. During a speech to Congress while the war was still goin g on, President Woodrow Wilson introduced his Fourteen Points, which called for a new Europe and a peaceful world. Ideas expressed in the speech included a policy of open diplomacy with no secret treaties, freedom of the seas, removal of tariffs, arms reduction, fair colonial policies, as well as several boundary changes in Europe. But most important of all was point fourteen. This item called for a general association of nations for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. This association, which would come to be known as the League of Nations, was conceived by the idealistic Wilson to keep the peace after the war and to promote open diplomacy between countries of varying types of size and power. In order to maintain peace the league was to be given the authority to impose economic sanctions against offending states, and it additionally called for its member states to respect the territorial boun daries of their neighbors. All of this was to take place without the league having any power to back it up. In late June of 1919, Wilson met with other leaders of the victorious nations, including David Lloyd George of Great Britain, .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5 , .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5 .postImageUrl , .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5 , .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5:hover , .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5:visited , .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5:active { border:0!important; } .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5:active , .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5 .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u098c53f8df02307c99c7d697fab9eae5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay The Accident Of A Car Accident Essay

Justification And Weaknesses Of Non-Interpretive Essays

Justification And Weaknesses Of Non-Interpretive Justification and Weaknesses of the Non-Interpretive Model Brief: Justification and Weaknesses of the Non-Interpretive Model The question of Constitutional interpretation still has yet to be resolved. Should only the explicit commands of our nation's Founding Fathers be referenced in courts of law, or can it be justified that an outside body should extrapolate from the specific text of the Constitution to define and defend additional fundamental rights? Further, if this body, namely the Supreme Court, bases its decisions of constitutional relevance not wholly on exact interpretation, then regardless of reason, are they wholly illegitimate? The non-interpretive model allows the Court to interpret beyond the exact wording of the Constitution to define and protect the values of a society. The question of how the non-interpretative model can be justified must be answered. Despite much remaining confusion between the two models, it is clear that history has chosen the non-interpretative model without which many of the defining points in our nation's history would be unjustified. The overwhelming strength of the non-interpretive model is that it has allowed for many fundamental decisions that have served to protect the natural rights of the members of this society. If on the other hand the interpretive model is to be accepted, a significant number of decisions must be revoked. Briefly, the majority of the due process clause is no longer justified. Fair criminal and civil procedures must be dismantled since they have no specific textual reference in the Constitution. Freedom of speech, religion, and property rights are all called in question. Also affected is the legitimacy of franchise and legislative apportionment bodies of doctrine. The equal protection clause of the Constitution when read literally outlines the defense of some forms of racial discrimination. However, it does not immediately guarantee the right to vote, eligibility for office, or the right to serve on a jury. Additionally, the clause does not suggest that equal-facility segregation is not to be allowed. Finally, the freedom from cruel and unusual punishments as outlined in the eighth amendment loses its flexibility. In this manner, a prima facie argument against the interpretive model is evident. Without the ability to move beyond the specific wording, the Court loses its authority to protect what society values as basic human rights. A fundamental question relevant to this debate is whether or not values within our society are time-enduring or changing. When the Supreme Court makes a controversial decision, does it use the text of the Constitution to legitimize principles of natural law, social norms and arrangements? Or, is it acting as an interpreter of slowly changing values and imposing its views on society through its decisions? The Constitution is not a stagnant document; it is very much alive and changing with the times. Critics argue that the amendment process was created to allow change and that the role of the Judiciary does not include the power to change stated commands in addition to that of enforcing them. However, in many cases, the amendment process is inadequate for clarification of issues of human rights. A great virtue of the non-interpretive model is that the Court has the power to strike down unconstitutional legislation that allows for the Court to preserve the rights of the people. Non-interpretation then requires the application of understood codes, yet the decision-making process is far from mechanical. Critics contest that the Court should not have the ability to interpret societal values in a given period of time. However, as has been shown, history has upheld this tradition. A number of questions now arise. Is it practically wise to place the responsibility to define and protect human rights in the hands of Supreme Court Justices? The answer lies in one's interpretation of history. While it is true that the Court has made decisions that reflect its own biases and interests, it can be shown that the Court has also consistently acted to secure the rights of citizens and to limit federal and state powers. Following, is the definition and enforcement of human rights a judicial task? The adjudication of the Supreme Court over issues of human rights as opposed to this power residing in other branches of government must be answered. While there is no direct statement regarding judicial review in the Constitution, Marbury v. Madison is referenced here as the greatest of all cases justifying this judicial power. Thus arises the penultimate question of the authority of the Supreme Court. Constitutional adjudication was allowed for implicitly by the Founding Fathers. Only some of the principles of higher law were written down in the original document; however, the distinction between those

Free Essays on Beothuks

The article chosen for review by myself was â€Å"The Collapse of the Beothuk World† written by Ralph Pastore and printed in the Acadiensis Reader volume #1 third edition. This author speaks of the demise of the Beothuk people in the now province of Newfoundland from the time of first contact with European settlers until their withdrawal to central portions of the province. The main argument the author establishes is that the reason for the extinction of the Beothuks was their withdrawal from the coastal regions into the interior portion of the island of Newfoundland. Mr. Pastore backs up his argument mainly using archeological evidence. He states that during the time of Beothuk-European co-existence there was very little documented on paper. Mr. Pastore uses evidence unearthed at Beothuk camps such as scavenged European irons1 from seasonally abandoned fishing villages to substantiate his writings. The author states in his article that the Beothuk people were a coastal based unit. Again evidence of this has been unearthed at various archeological sites in Notre Dame bay and Trinity bay. The author believes that the Beothuk people relied on seasonal stocks such as salmon, caribou and seals to meet the necessities of life. The problem that arises from this â€Å"bond† to the sea is that what happens when this â€Å" bond† is broken. Well, the author states that the early Europeans broke this bond and drove the Beothuk inland or away from them. The Europeans were settling in the coastal area therefore for the Beothuk to remain away fr om them they had to go inland. Inland to a region that was harsh and could not provide the food and necessities that the Beothuk people were used to. Mr. Pastore again backs this up with evidence of archeological sites where spruce root was used instead of caribou sinew was used to repair clothing. This showing a group of people that was desperate for supplies.2 Another factor, which this article does not ... Free Essays on Beothuks Free Essays on Beothuks The article chosen for review by myself was â€Å"The Collapse of the Beothuk World† written by Ralph Pastore and printed in the Acadiensis Reader volume #1 third edition. This author speaks of the demise of the Beothuk people in the now province of Newfoundland from the time of first contact with European settlers until their withdrawal to central portions of the province. The main argument the author establishes is that the reason for the extinction of the Beothuks was their withdrawal from the coastal regions into the interior portion of the island of Newfoundland. Mr. Pastore backs up his argument mainly using archeological evidence. He states that during the time of Beothuk-European co-existence there was very little documented on paper. Mr. Pastore uses evidence unearthed at Beothuk camps such as scavenged European irons1 from seasonally abandoned fishing villages to substantiate his writings. The author states in his article that the Beothuk people were a coastal based unit. Again evidence of this has been unearthed at various archeological sites in Notre Dame bay and Trinity bay. The author believes that the Beothuk people relied on seasonal stocks such as salmon, caribou and seals to meet the necessities of life. The problem that arises from this â€Å"bond† to the sea is that what happens when this â€Å" bond† is broken. Well, the author states that the early Europeans broke this bond and drove the Beothuk inland or away from them. The Europeans were settling in the coastal area therefore for the Beothuk to remain away fr om them they had to go inland. Inland to a region that was harsh and could not provide the food and necessities that the Beothuk people were used to. Mr. Pastore again backs this up with evidence of archeological sites where spruce root was used instead of caribou sinew was used to repair clothing. This showing a group of people that was desperate for supplies.2 Another factor, which this article does not ...

Green Sea Urchin Fact Sheet

Green Sea Urchin Fact Sheet With its sharp-looking spines, the green sea urchin may look frightful, but to us, it is mostly harmless. Sea urchins arent poisonous, although you might get poked by a spine if youre not careful. In fact, green sea urchins can even be eaten. Here you can learn some facts about this common marine invertebrate. Sea Urchin Identification Green sea urchins can grow to about 3 across, and 1.5 high. They are covered in thin, short spines. The sea urchins mouth (called Aristotles lantern) is located on its underside, and its anus is on its top side, in a spot that is not covered with spines. Despite their immobile appearance, sea urchins can move relatively quickly, like a sea star, using their long, thin water-filled tube feet and suction. Where to Find Sea Urchins If youre tide pooling, you might find sea urchins underneath rocks. Look closely - sea urchins may camouflage themselves by attaching algae, rocks, and detritus to their spines. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: EchinodermataClass: Echinoidea Order: CamarodontaFamily: StrongylocentrotidaeGenus: StronglyocentrotusSpecies: droebachiensis Feeding Sea urchins feed on algae, scraping it off of rocks with their mouth, which is made up of 5 teeth collectively called Aristotles lantern. In addition to his work and writings on philosophy, Aristotle wrote about science, and sea urchins - he described the sea urchins teeth by saying they resembled a lantern made of horn that had 5 sides. Thus the urchins teeth came to be known as Aristotles lantern. Habitat and Distribution Green sea urchins are found in tide pools, kelp beds, and on rocky ocean bottoms, to areas as deep as 3,800 feet. Reproduction Green sea urchins have separate sexes, although it is difficult to tell males and females apart. They reproduce by releasing gametes (sperm and eggs) into the water, where fertilization takes place. A larva forms and lives in the plankton for up to several months before it settles on the sea floor and eventually turns into an adult form. Conservation and Human Uses Sea urchin roe (eggs), called uni in Japan, are considered a delicacy. Maine fishermen became huge suppliers of green sea urchins in the 1980s and 1990s, when the ability to fly urchins overnight to Japan opened an international market for urchins, creating a Green Gold Rush, in which millions of pounds of urchins were harvested for their roe. Overharvesting amid a lack of regulation caused the urchin population to bust. Regulations now prevent overharvesting of urchins, but populations have been slow to recover. The lack of grazing urchins has caused kelp and algae beds to flourish, which in turn has increased crab populations. Crabs love to eat baby urchins, which has contributed to the lack of recovery of urchin populations. Sources Clark, Jeff. 2008. After the Gold Rush (Online) Downeast Magazine. Accessed Online June 14, 2011.Coulombe, Deborah A. 1984. The Seaside Naturalist. Simon Schuster.Daigle, Cheryl and Tim Dow. 2000. Sea Urchins: Movers and Shakers of the Subtidal Community (Online). The Quoddy Tides. Accessed June 14, 2011.Ganong, Rachel. 2009. Return of the Urchin?(Online). Times Record. Accessed June 14, 2011 - no longer online as of 5/1/12.Kiley Mack, Sharon. 2009. Maine Sea Urchins Making a Slow Recovery (Online) Bangor Daily News. Accessed June 14, 2011.Maine Department of Marine Resources. Green Sea Urchins (Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis) in Maine - Fishery, Monitoring, and Research Information. (Online) Maine DMR. Accessed June 14, 2011.Martinez, Andrew J. 2003. Marine Life of the North Atlantic. Aqua Quest Publications, Inc.: New York.Meinkoth, N.A. 1981. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Seashore Creatures. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.

How were the American colonies (united states) able to defeat Great Essay

How were the American colonies (united states) able to defeat Great Britain in the war for Independence. How did the leadership of George Washington contribute to this victory - Essay Example This gave the locals the capability of planning sneak raids and to better situate themselves for fighting. Also, the locals were short on funds, as well as military experience. Nevertheless, the French, who were sworn enemies Great Britain, decided to assist the Americans in the warfare (Simmons, 2005). The late president, George Washington, commanded the Continental Army of the United States during the Revolutionary War. He was extremely influential in the warfare, which brought victory to the United States. Washington had a leading political and military task in the American Revolution (Rickard, 2003). Washington’s involvement started as early as 1767. After the warfare erupted with the Battles of Concord and Lexington in April 1775, he was appointed as commanding officer of the Continental Army. Washington, unlike any other American leader, wore military uniforms to work signifying how stern he was in leading the nation. He was critical in uniting France and the Americas, which played a leading role in Americans triumph over Great Britain (Tokar, 2009). Washington was also devoted to republicanism, which puts the citizens of American first. This was one of his mantras when he went into the warfare making him committed to

Human Resource Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Resource Management - Case Study Example Even though the goals may be consistent, short-term goals may undermine strategies for achieving long-term goals. Short-term goal and long-term goal for improved profitability illustrate the conflict. Focus on short-term profitability goal through reduced expenses and increased workload is likely to cause lack of motivation among employees and lead to underperformance and employee turnover after a period. These will then lead to low level of production and high cost of personnel recruitment and training. High-level profitability may then be achieved in the short-run but it conflicts with long-term profitability objectives. Short-term profitability objectives may also force managers and employees to use unethical practices either to achieve desired targets or to misrepresent data to create the impression of achieved targets. As a manager in the described situation, I should resign from my position instead of deceiving people or harming the business. This is because of ethical values of integrity, honesty, and beneficence, and ethical theories of utilitarianism and deontology that requires operations to be consistent with existing regulations and to avoid harm (Bredenson,

Death of a Salesman Willy Lomans Mental Breakdwon Essay Example for Free

Death of a Salesman Willy Lomans Mental Breakdwon Essay In Death of a Salesman Willy Loman was a man made of false dreams. Willy Loman was a man who destroyed himself with his false hopes and dreams. Throughout his whole life he was trying to become a Salesman like his father and he thought he would die a rich and successful man. Willy Loman was a man who tried so hard to achieve the American dream but failed to do so due to the multiple circumstances throughout his life. Environment around Willy Loman has had a huge affect on him which is causing him to be instable. Willy is not only destroyed by his own ideals but destroyed by his own two children Biff and Happy and Howard firing him also broke him down even more. Willy Loman is destroying himself trying to achieve the American Dream and trying to become a salesman like his own father but is failing to do so. He wants to own his own business. Willy also wants to be â€Å"bigger† then Uncle Charlie and that is why he never takes a job under Uncle Charlie even after getting fired. He wishes to die the â€Å"Death of a Salesmman† where many people to mourn for him and remember him as a great salesman. Willy has spent his whole life trying to achieve all these dreams of his but he still hasn’t really achieved any of them which is causing him to have a mental breakdown. However Willy aims in life have been useless as he hasn’t really achieved anything. Willy Loman is constantly lying to himself and his family to escape from being a failure. He is constantly trying to achieve his dream of becoming a great salesman but is lost in reality and is running out of time. In the play Charlie said to Willy â€Å"When are you going to grow up. † Even though Charlie was made fun of by Willy he still is his only friend and cares for him and even offers him a job after Willy gets fired by Howard but Willy refuses to take the job because of his high standards and his dreams which he hasn’t be able to accomplish yet. Willy knows he hasn’t accomplished anything yet and that is why he is guilty and starts lying to himself and to his family and even goes on and has an affair with another woman. He has the affair with the other woman to give himself a â€Å"boost† or to go into another world because he feels he has been a failure at not achieving the â€Å"American Dream. † Having an affair also caused Willy to breakdown because Biff caught him cheating and Willy feels guilty about it. Willy put in his whole life for his sons, Biff and Happy and they turned their backs on him. Willy always loved Biff and thought he would be an amazing business man but after Biff saw Willy cheating it tore Biff apart. Biff failed math and went to Boston to get his dad to talk to his math teacher but at that time he caught his father cheating which made him not get along with his dad for the rest of his life. Willy knows deep down it his fault that Biff never became a successful business man. The fact that he feels guilty is also a huge factor in his mental breakdown. The psychoanalytic theory describes how the environment around a person has an effect on the person. In Willy’s case it his sons and his failiures in life which is causing him to be unstable. From the multiple causes of Willy’s mental breakdown the biggest thing that broke him down was when Biff at the end of Act II shows him the rubber tube he found and explains to him that he was never what Willy wanted him to be. After all that Willy realizes his sons actually do love him even though they aren’t successful businessman. When will realizes he is almost finished is when Biff says â€Å"Pop, I’m nothing! Im nothing Pop. Cant you understand that? There’s no spite in it anymore. Im just what I am, that’s all. † Biff also says â€Å"Will you let me go for Christ’s sake† Will you take that phony dream and burn it before something happens? After this situation Willy realizes he has not accomplished much in life and his life is almost finished but Biff does love him. Willy has been chasing the American dream for ever trying to follow his father but has never succeeded which has caused him to fail throughout his whole life because he never really did what he was good at which was using his hands. After Willy committed suicide biff tells us what Willy could have been which could have made him successful. Biff says â€Å"Charley, there’s more of him in that front stoop than in all the sales he ever made. † This shows that Willy was never a salesman but was good with his hands. The played concluded with Willy committing suicide so his sons could collect the insurance money and because he had realized he was a failure in life but still wanted his children to be happy and successful. The multiple complications lead to the destruction of an American Dream. Willy wanted a dream that seemed materialistic and unimportant which caused his own life and destruction of his kids. Willy trying to chase the American dream and trying to be better then Charley and trying to be like his dad caused him to be a failure and eventually take his own life. Him not being able to achieve his dreams throughout his life caused him to be a failure and destroying his kids as well.

Night Blindness :: essays research papers

Night Blindness is a genetic disorder in which the sufferer has trouble seeing at night. Two things cause this disorder in general. The first cause is a lack of vitamin A which helps develop the retina and vision receptor cells. Vision receptor cells consist of cones and rods, cones for bright light and rods for less light. When there is a vitamin A deficiency, the rod cells don’t develop properly. The second cause is a genetic inheritance. Night blindness is a sex-linked disorder because the X-chromosome was found to be different than normal in people with the disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many vision-related effects this disorder can have on a person. In most cases, the person isn’t completely blind in dark areas, but sees things a lot darker than they really are. In other cases, it takes the person’s eyes much longer than normal to adjust to different light settings. For example, if a person with night blindness suddenly has the lights turned off in front of them, it may be up to 10 minutes before they can see anything at all. Also, the same thing happens when going from dark to light. The sufferer will see extremely bright images when flooded with light after having adjusted their eyes to darkness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many treatments for night blindness that exist today. The most common treatment is taking vitamin A supplements to restore the vitamin A that helps develop and maintain the retina. Also, zinc supplements can be taken as well to further strengthen the retina. Physical forms of treatment include lasers, freezing, injection of gas into the eye, scleral buckling, and removal of the gel inside the eye.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This disorder is usually accompanied by myopia (nearsighted). About half of teenagers with myopia will develop some form of night blindness. These cases start out around the age of fifteen. Also, about 52% of women said they had trouble seeing at night during their last pregnancy.

Field Commander Paper

I would like to try out for a leadership position in the band, also known as field commander. I understand that this requires maximum dedication and hard work throughout the year. It is my responsibility to put that into action and consideration for my fellow band members and staff. Putting everybody first will be my intention in all occasions. I currently play the clarinet all year around as a sophomore. I have been focused on this for five years now, and I know that I will promote and sustain that in being a field commander as well. I try to achieve all that is possible with my talents along with my other activities.I participate in solo and ensemble, all-county band, all-district band, percussion ensemble, and the drama department as activities each year. These activities mold me into an experienced musician and has allowed me to strive for my desires and appreciate the art in life. Not only do I try to accomplish these events in the band, but I am also a leader of the school. Thi s year is my ninth year of being a cheerleader and it has taught me a lot about respect. I understand that people do not consider cheerleading a sport, but they do not take into their consideration the hard work we put into everything we do.This also relates to the band because it is not known as a competitive sport, but we work just as hard in our job and perfecting performances, just as much as any athlete. Nine years of the same activity takes lots of endurance and dedication into a certain passion, and I have learned over the years to have this. Self control is an important role in the job. With being in charge of an extensive group, self control is a key quality to embrace. It will be my job to step up and avoid any difficulties or problems, simply because nobody else will. As a leader, I must make peace among everybody and show no disrespect towards any other student.Everything I do, I remember the simple word, effort. Essentially, if we think of ourselves as naturally smart o r marvelous at particular characteristics, then putting effort into improving will imply that we aren’t particularly strong at it in the first place. As a group, we need to put in the same amount of effort together, to be more like one. It is our goal to become one as a whole and learn to do everything as a â€Å"team†. I will enforce this as being a leader and help the band members in anything they need. I believe that I have the ability to be a leader.I have a vision of where I want to go, along with my plan of success for my band. I’m aware of making difficult decisions that requires confidence along with motivation. Helping others is one of my best traits I have, I can articulate their ideals to others, convincing them of the value. Inspiring people to work toward common goals and to achieve things they never thought they could do is something I know I have the potential to do. I am also aware of my own strengths and weaknesses. I recognize others disadvanta ges, and am able to make changes when necessary. Leaders must be trustworthy before others will follow them.I admit that I am reliable upon most things and will try my hardest to be there for everybody when needed. I want to continue to help others to learn and grow together by having fun. I want us all to be open to new ideas and look beyond our abilities. Last, I have the courage to act in situations where results aren’t assured. I’m willing to risk failure and understand that everything will not go perfectly. By knowing this, I will remain patient and accept that it is a result of learning. Field commanding is a difficult duty. I as a student has went through a thought process about this job, and accepted it.I know that I can help the band form into one, yet remember that I have to take in the most discipline. I’m willing to be told to do anything, and do it. With all of my hard work and effort, I’m ready to be a leader. I have always wanted to be the person in front of the stands conducting with a group of people relying on me. I want to make this year fun and full of memories and the year of 2012-2013 an unforgettable time. This is a job for me, and I know that I’m ready. Thank you for your time and consideration, I appreciate all the attention given. Sincerely,

Labor Disputes Essay

â€Å"Labor Disputes† includes any controversy or matter concerning terms or conditions of employment or the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing or arranging the terms and d conditions of employment, regardless or whether the disputants stand in the proximate relation of employer and employee. (Art. 212) Remedies in Labor Disputes A.Grievance Procedure—in-house adjustment of complaint, problem, or dispute following the steps prescribed in CBA or company policy. B.Conciliation (literally means â€Å"to draw together†) – a process where a disinterested third party meets with management and labor, at their request or otherwise, during a labor dispute or in collective bargaining conferences, and, by cooling tempers, aids in reaching an agreement. C.Mediation (literally means â€Å"to be in the middle†) – a third party studies each side of the dispute then makes proposal for the disputants to consider. But a mediator, like a conciliator, cannot render an award or render a decision; they do not adjudicate. Conciliation and mediation, usually combined, are done primarily by â€Å"Conciliators-Mediators† of the National Conciliation and Mediation Board. D.Enforcement or compliance order – an act of the Secretary of Labor (through Regional Director or the representative) in the exercise of his visitorial or administrative authority to enforce labor laws, policies, plans, or programs, or rules and regulations (Art. 128). E.Certification of bargaining representatives – determination of which contending unions shall represent employees in collective bargaining. This is handling by â€Å"Med-Arbiters† of DOLE Regional Offices after certification of consent elections. F.Arbitration – the submission of a dispute to an impartial person for determination on the basis of evidence and arguments of the parties. Arbitration, unlike conciliation or mediation, is adjudication and the arbitrator’s decision or award is enforceable upon the disputants. A dispute pending in arbitration cannot be a ground for strike or lockout; to do so will be a sabotage of the arbitration process. Section 3. Article 211 of the same Code, as amended by Executive Order No. 111, is hereby further amended to read as follows: â€Å"Article 211. Declaration of policy. – A. It is the policy of the State: â€Å"(a) To promote and emphasize the primacy of free collective bargaining and negotiations, including voluntary arbitration, mediation and conciliation, as modes of settling labor or industrial disputes; â€Å"(b) To promote free trade unionism as an instrument for the enhancement of democracy and the promotion of social justice and development; â€Å"(c) To foster the free and voluntary organization of a strong and united labor movement; â€Å"(d) To promote the enlightenment of workers concerning their rights and obligations as union members and as employees; â€Å"(e) To provide adequate administrative machinery for the expeditious settlement of labor or industrial disputes; â€Å"(f) To ensure a stable but dynamic and just industrial peace; and â€Å"(g) To ensure the participation of workers in decision and policy-making processes affecting their rights, duties and welfare. â€Å" B. To encourage a truly democratic method of regulating the relations between the employers and employees by means of agreements freely entered into through collective bargaining, no court or administrative agency or official shall have the power to set or fix wages, rates of pay, hours of work or other terms and conditions of employment, except as otherwise provided under this Code.† Sec. 4. Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Philippines, as amended, is further amended to read as follows: â€Å"Article 212. Definitions. – (a) â€Å"Commission† means the National Labor Relations Commission or any of its divisions, as the case may be, as provided under this Code. â€Å"(b) â€Å"Bureau† means the Bureau of Labor Relations and/or the Labor Relations Divisions in the regional offices established under Presidential Decree No. 1, in the Department Labor. â€Å"(c) â€Å"Board† means the National Conciliation and Mediation Board established under Exec utive Order No. 126. â€Å"(d) â€Å"Council† means the Tripartite Voluntary Arbitration Advisory Council established under Executive Order No. 126, as amended. â€Å" (e) â€Å"Employer† includes any person acting in the interest of an employer, directly or indirectly. The term shall not include any labor organization or any of its officers or agents except when acting as employer. â€Å"(f) â€Å"Employee† includes any person in the employ of an employer. The term shall not be limited to the employees of a particular employer, unless this Code so explicitly states. It shall include any individual whose work has ceased as a result of or in connection with any current labor dispute or because of any unfair labor practice if he has not obtained any other substantially equivalent and regular employment. â€Å"(g) â€Å"Labor organization† means any union or association of employees which exists in whole or in part for the purpose of collective bargaining or of dealing with employers concerning terms and conditions of employment. â€Å"(h) â€Å"Legitimate labor organization† means any labor organization duly registered with the Department of Labor and Employment, and includes any branch or local thereof. â€Å" (i) â€Å"Company union† means any labor organization whose information, function or administration has been assisted by any act defined as unfair labor practice by this Code. â€Å"(j) â€Å"Bargaining representative† means a legitimate labor organization or any officer or agent of such organization whether or not employed by the employer. â€Å"(k) â€Å"Unfair labor practice† means any unfair labor practice as expressly defined by this Code. â€Å"(l) â€Å"Labor dispute† includes any controversy or matter concerning terms or conditions of employment or the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing or arranging the terms and conditions of employment, regardless of whether, the disputants stand in the proximate relation of employer and employee. â€Å" (m) â€Å"Managerial employee† is one who is vested with powers or prerogatives to lay down and execute management policies and/or to hire, transfer, suspend, lay-off, recall, discharge, assign or discipline employees. Supervisory employees are those who, in the interest of the employer, effectively recommend such managerial actions if the exercise of such authority is not merely routinary or clerical in nature but requires the use of independent judgment. All employees not falling within any of the above definitions are considered rank-and-file employees for purposes of this Book. â€Å" (n) â€Å"Voluntary Arbitrator† means any person accredited by the Board as such, or any person named or designated in the collective bargaining agreement by the parties to act as their voluntary arbitrator, or one chosen, with or without the assistance of the National Conciliation and Mediation Board, pursuant to a selection procedure agreed upon in the collective bargaining agreement, or any official that may be authorized by the Secretary of Labor and Employment to act as voluntary arbitrator upon the written request and agreement of the parties to a labor dispute. â€Å"(o) â€Å"Strike† means any temporary stoppage of work by the concerted action of employees as a result of an industrial or labor dispute. â€Å" (p) â€Å"Lockout† means the temporary refusal of an employer to furnish work as a result of an industrial or labor dispute. â€Å"(q) â€Å"Internal union dispute† includes all disputes or grievances arising from any violation of or disagreement over any provision of the constitution and by-laws of a union, including, any violation of the rights and conditions of union membership provided for in this Code. â€Å" (r) â€Å"Strike-breaker† means any person who obstructs, impedes, or interferes with by force, violence, coercion, threats or intimidation any peaceful picketing by employees during any labor controversy affecting wages, hours or conditions of work or in the exercise of the right of self-organization or collective bargaining. â€Å"(s) â€Å"Strike area† means the establishment, warehouses, depots, plants or offices, including the sites or premises used as runaway shops, of the employer struck against, as well as the immediate vicinity actually used by picketing strikers in moving to and fro before all points of entrance to and exit from said establishment.†

Describe One Non-academic Activity During Your High School Years That

Describe One Non-academic Activity During Your High School Years That Describe One Non My Break Dance Story A breathtaking ‘windmills’ performance by a break dancer during the ‘Putting on the Hitz’ show, held during my sophomore year in high school, inspired me to learn this unique but difficult art form. My school didn’t have a break dance club, so I turned to Internet and online community to collect information, opinion, and videos for help. Since ‘windmills’ requires skill strength and stamina and synchronization of body movements to the beats of music, my initial attempts were clumsy and robotic. Nevertheless taking injury, error, ridicule, and trials in my stride, I kept up hard practice. Within a few months, my ‘windmills’ were strong and impressive. Time came full circle and in 2007, I performed in the same show that had inspired me to take up break dancing. Braving stage fear, I gave both a group and solo performance. Months of hard work paid off as my performance was greeted with cheers and applause. M embers of the audience showered me with greetings and praises after the performance. Our group was adjudged second. The adulation instilled in me the passion to carry on break dancing. A year later, I played an instrumental role in founding the Wootton High School break dancing club. I, along with my team members, took up the responsibilities of organizing the club besides training its thirty members. The training sessions made me reflect upon my evolution from an amateur to an expert. Break dancing, a source of drive, passion and purpose, will always be part and parcel of my life.

English Teaching Abbreviations Explained

English Teaching Abbreviations Explained You might be a bit confused by the all the English teaching abbreviations that are used in the profession. Here is a list of the most common English teaching abbreviations that are used in the profession with an emphasis on ESL / EFL teaching. ELT - English Language TeachingESL - English as a Second LanguageEFL - English as a Foreign Language The main difference between these is that ESL is English taught to foreign language speakers living in an English speaking country like the United States, Canada, England, Australia, etc. English as a foreign language, on the other hand, is taught to those wishing to learn English for their study/ work / hobby needs but who live in countries where English is not the first language. Teaching Abbreviations to Know Here are some more important abbreviations related to teaching, teaching certificates, and English exams: AAAL - American Association for Applied Linguistics ACTFL - American Council on the teaching of Foreign Languages AE - American English BAAL - British Association of Applied Linguistics BC - British Council BEC - Business English Certificate - Cambridge business English exam certificate BrE - British English BVT - Bilingual Vocational Training CAE - Certificate in Advanced English - the fourth Cambridge Exam Cambridge Exams - The standard in English examination throughout the world outside of the USA (where the TOEFL is preferred). CALI - Computer-Assisted Language Instruction CALL - Computer-Assisted Language Learning CanE - Canadian English CAT - Computer Adaptive Testing CBT - Computer-Based Teaching CEELT - Cambridge Examination in English for Language Teachers. Tests the English competency of non-native teachers of English. CEIBT - Certificate in English for International Business and Trade for advanced levels. CPE - Certificate of Proficiency in English - the fifth and the most advanced of Cambridges series of exams (roughly comparable to a score of 600-650 on the TOEFL). CELTA - Certificate in English language teaching to adults (Cambridge/RSA Teaching Certificate also known as C-TEFLA) DELTA - Diploma in English language teaching (Cambridge/RSA Language Teaching Scheme) EAP - English for Academic Purposes ECCE - Exam for the Certificate of Competency in English (Michigan University) - lower level. ECPE - Exam for the Certificate of Proficiency in English (Michigan University) - higher level. EFL - English as a Foreign Language EGP - English for general purposes EIP - English as an International Language ELICOS - English Language Intensive Courses to Overseas Students. Government registered centers teaching English to overseas students in Australia. ELT - English Language Teaching ESL - English as a Second Language. ESOL - English for Speakers of Other Languages ESP -English for Specific Purposes (business English, English for tourism, etc.) ETS - Educational Testing Service FCE - First Certificate in English - the third of Cambridges series of exams (comparable to a score of 500 on the TOEFL and 5.7 on the IELTS). GMAT - Graduate Management Admission Test. The GMAT measures general verbal, mathematical, and analytical writing skills. GPA - Grade Point Average GRE - Graduate Record Examination - an evaluation test for graduate admission to colleges and universities in the U.S. IATEFL - International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language IPA - International Phonetic Association K12 - Kindergarten - 12th grade. KET - Key English Test - The most elementary of Cambridges series of exams L1 - Language 1 - native language L2 - Language 2 - the language you are learning LEP - Limited English Proficient LL - Language Learning MT - Mother Tongue NATECLA - National Association for Teaching English and other Community Languages to Adults (UK) NATESOL - National Association of Teachers of English for Speakers of Other Languages NCTE - National Council of Teachers of English NLP - Neurolinguistic Programming NNEST - Non-Native English Speaking Teacher NNL - Non-Native Language MTELP - Michigan Test of English Language Proficiency OE - Old English OED - Oxford English Dictionary PET - Preliminary English Test - The second of Cambridges series of exams. RP - Received Pronunciation - standard British pronunciation RSA/Cambridge C-TEFLA - Certificate of Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Adults. A professional qualification for prospective EFL teachers. RSA/Cambridge D-TEFLA - Diploma of Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Advanced qualification for EFL teachers who have already completed the C-TEFLA. SAE - Standard American English SAT - Scholastic Assessment (Aptitude) Test - pre-university entrance exam in the USA TEFL - Teaching English as a Foreign Language TEFLA - Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Adults TEIL - Teaching English as an International Language TESL - Teaching English as a Second Language TESOL - Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages TOEFL - Test of English as a Foreign Language - the most common English proficiency exam for North American universities and colleges, also accepted by some British universities and employers as proof of English proficiency. TOEIC - The TOEIC (pronounced toe-ick) is a Test of English for International Communication. VE - Vocational English VESL - Vocational English as a Second Language YLE - Young Learners English Tests - Cambridge Examinations for young learners

Anish Kapoor Exhibition Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anish Kapoor Exhibition Review - Essay Example Anish Kapoor: Memory suggests the sequences in which human perception arises through the principle of memory. â€Å"Memory,† a site-specific installation which contrives to fill Guggenheim’s enormous gallery space, becomes an investigation of scale, volume, color and materiality and consequently experiments on the limitations or restrictions of space and place. The exterior shell of this massive egg-shaped sculpture secures itself tightly against the peripheries of the gallery walls and ceiling, and down again to the floor. The eight millimeter thick Cor-Ten steel material chosen by Kapoor allows the form to achieve an apparent weightlessness although in reality, the sculpture is sits heavily at twenty-four tons. The illusion of lightness is realized through the construction of complex structural engineering that is specifically designed to be experienced through a series of partial and spatially separated views. Hence, Memory’s charm lies in its inaccessibility, preventing itself from revealing its true form. Memory is conceived as a new kind of experience as something that cannot be experienced at once but is rather understood through a series of separate, meaningful fragments. No one sees the whole thing at once as a result of the use of gallery space. Each visible segment is only seen after the viewer has experienced other unrelated elements of the museum and we are reminded that our memory in part, works in a similar fashion. The exhibit’s presentation invites us to daydream and reconstruct a mental image through the process of gestalt. In that sense, Kapoor considers the ways in which people feel and think about space, how they form attachments to their environment, and how feelings about space and place are affected by the sense of time. Memory is a critical understanding of how we are rooted to place and space. He extends his observation regarding the directionality of the different viewpoints

What, in todays conditions, appear to be the greatest limitations of Essay - 1

What, in todays conditions, appear to be the greatest limitations of the classical organisational theories - Essay Example This marked the start of a series of inputs from various management gurus presenting their viewpoints for improving the organizational and management practices (Juralewicz, pp. 14-25). Students who study management science and organizational behavior, discuss these theories and developments comprehensively, to not only show a sign of respect and value for their work with limited resources but also to widen one’s own perspective of looking at various management issues. However, it is also important to note that those theories do not have their relevant applications in today’s world with altogether different circumstances. This paper aims at looking at the same, the limitations of classical organizational theories, and the reasons for the same. The world of organizational behavior and management agrees on the fact that it was the idea of Henry Towne to establish organizational management as a separate field of inquiry. We can divide the classical theories of organizational management into three major categories of scientific, bureaucratic and administrative (Juralewicz, pp. 14-25). Amongst the experts who viewed organizations from a scientific point of view, the most well known of them are Frederick Winslow Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth and Henry Gantt. Amongst them, Taylor remains as the â€Å"father of scientific management† (Robbins, Judge & Campbell, pp. 52-59). He was amongst the first ones to notice the practice of â€Å"soldiering† amongst the workers, which refers to the deliberate working of the workers under their full capacity. Despite the fact that the workers had some strong reasons in their mind for doing it so but it decreased the overall productivity and output of the organization, which was the biggest concern of Taylor at that time. He came up with his idea of scientific management based of our important principles. Firstly, scientific study of each task important to come up with the most efficient

Transformational Change at HTC ECCH Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Transformational Change at HTC ECCH - Case Study Example In this paper, examples that analyze change have been investigated with a focus on the period after establishment before going to smartphone manufacturing. This is in support that HTC has made strategic changes as well as a taken paradigm shift. Evolution and revolution in a company can lay its basis on either its size or age. Evolution and revolution both provide phases of growth and crisis. These exist throughout the growth of the company from being a young company to being mature or from being small to being large. Phase 1 is the period of creativity. Here founders have entrepreneurial and technical focus and there is regular communication between employees. The long working hours are rewarded. The crisis here is where the founders need to undertake control in all matters and are skeptical about giving the power to any other person. For example at the start of HTC, the company adopted a five-day workweek that was an unusual step in Taiwan. The employees were also legible to a year -end bonus. The technical and entrepreneurial focus is also seen where Cher Wang’s colleagues bring palm devices for review and that leads them to start working on theirs. Control is evident where Cho and Chou are the sole recruiters of the engineers, which also says a lot about the focus on a technicality. For example in Peter, the employees acknowledge that they had a CEO, who would sit down and take ideas from anyone. As growth continues, there is more specialization as the processes in the company become more established. Communication also becomes formal. In reference to the growth of HTC, meetings are in Chinese but official email communication had to be in English. As the company grew, age and processes became more established. For example, HTC shifted design and much of the manufacturing work from subcontractors. In 1999 in-house manufacturing and design at the MAGIC labs started.

The Implication of EPOS Systems

The Implication of EPOS Systems William Hill is a major bookmaker worldwide, with over seventy years experience in offering betting services.   It is currently one of the leading gaming companies in the UK, where it operates over 1600 betting shops, serves over 800,000 betting slips each day via phone (standard and mobile), and recently began Britains first interactive digital television channel devoted entirely to gambling (Lee 2004).   It is the countrys most successful Internet gambling company in a country where over four million people bet in online gaming rooms every month (Thomas 2004).   William Hill was the first major gaming organisation to offer online betting, opening its website in 1996 (Lee 2004). The William Hill culture pairs low-cost, low-risk emphasis in businessdecision making with a willingness to be innovative, particularly inregards to use of technology (Hargrave 2004)).   This makes it all themore surprising that the organisation has waited so long to implementelectronic point of sale   (EPOS) machines in its betting shops.   Whilethese are expected to make the company more profitable, efficient, andcompetitive, the implications of these machine span across theorganisation.   Of specific interest is the effect of the system on thepeople involved, traditionally an important part of William Hillssuccess.   This study seeks to consider the possible benefits and losses to William Hill from the implementation of the EPOS system. Three specific areas of consideration are the effect of the machines oncorporate and local shop culture, whether the EPOS system will increase efficiency, and whether the system will contribute to increased competitiveness. The objectives of this study are to critically examine the introductionof an electronic point of sale system as implemented at William Hill.  Specifically, this study aims to examine the strategic considerationsof the EPOS and how its effectiveness can be optimised.   The studybegins with a review of literature and research available about WilliamHill, the firms operations, and EPOS systems in general.   ThisLiterature Review serves as a foundation for understanding analysis ofthe rest of this work.Following the Literature Review, of first consideration will be theeffect of EPOS on the corporate and local culture of William Hill.  Will EPOS enhance or detract from positive aspects of current culture?  Will the increase in customer information and the ease of its analysisdraw new customer groups into traditional betting shops?   If so, whatwill be the effect of this on the shops and their regulars?  Ã‚   How willstaff react to the changes caused by the EPOS system?   W ill EPOS changehow customers and staff interact?   How does the introduction of EPOScompare to the effect of technological advances on workers in general? The second objective is consideration of the efficiency of the EPOSsystem.   It will be compared to the traditional manual betting systemit replaced, with analysis of improvements in or negative effects ontime and cost.   Has William Hill become more efficient, and moreimportantly more effective, with the introduction of EPOS?   It is abetter organisation as the result of automation?   Finally, the study seeks to project the effects of EPOS on WilliamHills competitiveness.   Will the system encourage customers to switchto William Hill?   Can the organisations market share be expected toincrease?   What are the overall results on a holistic, corporate levelof automation, and how can the firm best implement such technologywithout undermining its established strengths?   What is the moststrategic way the system can be implemented, and how can it mostgreatly benefit the organisation as a whole?This study seeks to address these questions through the study ofinformation and data provided by William Hill and in literatureavailable about the firm, similar gambling companies, and electronicpoint of sale systems in general. It is anticipated that the EPOS system will be found to increaseefficiency and competitiveness for William Hill, albeit at some changeto and possible loss of culture.   This is anticipated to be an overallpositive innovation, however, increasing profit across several gamingplatforms, allowing for improved marketing activities, and increasingmarket share for the company.   The system is anticipated to provide afaster, more accurate, and more secure way of processing bets, inaddition to generating data relevant for market analysis. Many articles about William Hill, including the companys ownpublications, describe the organisation as an innovator (William Hill2005).   This is certainly the case, and low-cost, low-risk strategyhasnt kept the firm from pursuing technological advances and marketexpansion in many areas, the most recent being the installation of anEPOS system in its betting shops.   The company currently provides fourvehicles for gambling:   traditional betting shops, phones-basedbetting, including via mobile phones, Internet gaming, and interactivedigital television.   Plans to expand into casino gambling have beentemporarily shelved, as the Gambling Bill under consideration by thegovernment now appears less likely to benefit gaming organisations whoexpand into casinos (WH Annual Report 2005).   All of these may beeffected and possibly benefit from the introduction of EPOS machines.  Ã‚  EPOS can support all four major betting vehicles, and enhance how theycan work toget her to increase the number of customers, repeatcustomers, and customers spend.Traditional betting shops, also called retail shops, remain thebackbone of William Hills operations.   The retail division contributed166m of the pounds 232m, or almost seventy-two percent, of the totalprofits brought in by the organisation in 2004 (WH Annual Report2004).   The shops also provide a credibility and recognisable brandseen as contributing to the success of other gaming vehicles (Thomas2004).   The retail shops are the location of the EPOS machines, and arelikely to be most effected operationally and culturally by theirimplementation.   Demographically, the customers of William Hillsbetting shops tend to be older than customers using other bettingvehicles (Hargrave 2004).   It has been observed that shop customers arealso predominantly male. Internet gamblers are demographically younger, and many have neverentered a retail betting shop (Hargrave 2004).   They often participatein a variety of onlin e games in addition to traditional odds betting.  They are likely to hop from site to site, and show little loyalty toany one gaming organisation (Thomas 2004).   Online gambling firms musttherefore work harder to differentiate their site from the many othersavailable.   As over time a natural consolidation of the market islikely to occur, those organisations that can reinforce their marketpositioning are more likely to succeed (Thomas 2004).   William Hill hasthis positioning as a sector leader with multiple gambling vehicles.  This positioning will be enhanced by the EPOS system, a way to linktraditional shops with their credibility and market presence, to thefirms online offerings.   The convenience of EPOS and the organisations electronic vouchersystem could encourage online gamblers to consolidate their gamingactivity with William Hill.   The EPOS support William Hillsintegration of their online business and local shops, with onlinecustomers now able to deposit mo ney into or draw from accounts at anyWilliam Hill shop.   The voucher system allows customers to depositmoney or withdraw winning from any William Hill shop.   This wasoriginally handled over the counter; however, the new EPOS system nowallows the entire system to be handled by machine (Anon 2003).This has the potential to increase both shop-based and onlinebusiness.   For example, a thirty-something career woman might behesitant to frequent one of William Hills betting shops, perceivingthem to be historically male-dominated, older, and perhaps evenworking-class.   However, she is on her way to do some shopping, anddecides to quickly draw off her recent online winnings.   She stops in abetting shop, and has a positive experience.   It is clean, well run,with professional, courteous staff.   She can draw on her winningseasily using the EPOS terminal.   Because the woman has a favourableexperience with the product and people in her transaction, she issignificantly more likely to use the EPOS terminal again, and to stopin the betting shop.   William Hill has possibly converted an onlinecustomer to an online and shop customer.   Similarly, some shop regulars may eschew credit cards.   Online gamingis therefore unavailable to them.   EPOS in combination with WilliamHills combined online and shop accounts allow these customers todeposit cash at their local betting shop, and use those funds foronline bets.   This has the potential to further increase the firmsonline customer base.   Internet customers may be further intrigued bygaming options offered online that go beyond their options via shops orthe phone.   Using the Internet to place traditional bets, for example,increases the chance these customers will try arcade or casino gamesavailable online, thereby increasing the types of product purchased(Anon 2003).   This expands the purchase mix for William Hill, andincreases the likelihood of larger total purchases per customer.A concer n for management should be the potential of one gaming vehiclesuch as the Internet to draw customers away from the firms othervehicles, in effect cannibalising its own operations one for theother.   William Hills most recent Annual Report acknowledges thisissue (2004).   The company has analysed profit and other financialdata, and is confident that no cannibalising is taking place.   Allthree gaming vehicles in operation for the year have shown modest toimpressive growth, with no indication of one taking customers at thedetriment to the others (WH Annual Report 2004).Phone betting, including mobile betting via WAP technology, is seen bymany as the gaming vehicle of the future (Hargrave 2004).   The EPOSsystem could contribute to the expansion of phone betting by making iteasier to draw on winnings and deposit funds for future bets.   The OffTrack Betting organisation in New York City, USA, found lines andcustomer wait time reduced by up to forty percent at some outlets wit hthe implementation of various betting and point of sale machines (OTB2003).   The system can similarly support William Hills newest venture,interactive television.   There are questions whether the firms brandis strong enough to support a television channel, although thepotentials for increased revenue are significant (Hargrave 2004).   Theorganisation does not intend to broadcast many sporting or otherbet-producing events, given the prohibitive cost of doing so.   Rather,the television channel will offer number generated betting options, aswell as gambling games similar to those offered by the firm on itswebsite (Hargrave 2004).   This allows the non-computer literate toparticipate in betting outside of traditional shops.   Their anonymityand access to gambling increase, both of which have been linked toincreased consumer spend (Anon 2003).   Non-computer literate gamblersare no longer bound by the restricted hours of the betting shop, andcan play a variety of gambli ng games through their televisions(Hargrave 2004).   The EPOS s ystem supports this gaming vehicle in thatthese customers must have some way to deposit money for their gamblingactivities and withdraw any winnings they may have.   The EPOS systemallows them to do this conveniently and with the same discretionafforded to them by interactive television or the Internet gamblingvehicles.One potentially negative effect of the EPOS system is reduction ofcustomer loyalty.   Loyalty occurs when a consumer experiences goodproduct at a reasonable price and convenience, with acceptableservice.   If these expectations are met, the customer is likely torepeat the shopping experience.   Over time, the customer forms a habitof this shopping experience, which then develops into an attitude ofloyalty (Duffy 1998).   One component of loyalty development is staff,and in particular customers interaction with staff.   The peoplerepresenting an organisation and the service they provide can m ake orbreak a customers purchasing experience (Garavan 1997).   The EPOSsystem will replace some functions currently performed by people, whichmay have a negative impact on both customers and remaining staff.Repeat customers make up a significant portion of retail bets in thegaming sector, and many have established some form of relationship withretail staff.   These relationships contribute to the loyalty or habitsof customers, causing them to frequent one gaming retailer, and therebyincreasing the customer spend at that shop (Anon 2003).   This customersegment may feel overlooked with the replacement of some stafffunctions by machines.   For example, a man regularly frequents hislocal William Hill betting shop, gambling regularly as a hobby, but notto the gambling addiction level of play.   His visits to William Hillmay be for him the same as another persons frequenting a neighbourhoodpub; in this case he has the opportunity to interact with others whoshare his interest. The common denominator in such social interactionwill often be the shopkeeper or retail staff (Gamble and Gamble 2005).  If this social interaction is lost, the customer may switch to asimilar s hop operated by another organisation where such interactionis supported.   Fortunately for William Hill, the other major bookmakerswith whom it competes have already implemented EPOS systems, makingthis customer loss less likely to occur (Hargrave 2004).The EPOS removes the feeling of being disloyal to shop staff by bettingonline instead of at their establishment, which could also potentiallycontribute to lost customers.   Customers who shop at one establishmentfor a long period of time may feel guilty or embarrassed when changingto another store.   They may try to avoid contact with staff from theirprevious shopping preference if they have been trying out other storesfor a period of time (Gamble and Gamble 2005).   With the reduction ininteraction between William Hill staff and cu stomers caused by the EPOSsystem, the customers may no longer have social need to continue to betexclusively or predominantly with William Hill.Another possible loss is to the William Hill culture, particularly thatof local shops.   Steve Smethurst quotes David Russell, William Hillsgroup HR director, as acknowledging, â€Å"Once we have that in place [theEPOS system], the requirements on shop managers to settle bets will begone:   that challenges the very core of what people have been doing foryears† (2004, 36).   For one thing, the introduction of the machinesreduces the number of staff required at each shop.   The company has nostated plans for layoffs, but also has not addressed the impact EPOSwill have on staff (WH Annual Report 2004).   This may be in part to thetraditionally high turnover in some segments of the gaming business,although more prevalent in the telephonist position that in retail shopstaff (Smethurst 2004).Management of gaming organisations need to examine the importance ofpeople in their product differentiation.   Consideration is called forin examining the fact that all the major betting shops now utiliseelectronic point of sale technology, and much of this is produced bythe same company, Alphameric Red Onion (William Hill PLC 2004).   If onecan access the same machines at any shop, and each has similar bettingoptions, what would cause the customer to frequent one shop overanother?   While some online gaming organisations seek to an image ofglamour and escape to paradise after a long day at work, this type ofpositioning is more effective for the casino venturing into onlinegaming than the traditional betting shop down the street (Thomas2004).   Re-branding a company as old and established as William Hillwould be difficult, expensive, and unlikely to be effective.   Nor is it possible for any one gaming establishment to differential itsproduct on price in the long-term.   The EPOS system will produce costsavin gs compared to the former manual bet-taking and managementinformation systems (WH Annual Report 2004).   This cost savings occursfrom reduction in staff needed to operate a betting shop, more rapidprocessing of bets, and standardisation of bet settlement by removingthe local human component.   The EPOS system also replaces manual inputinto management information systems, allowing increased communicationbetween shops and the corporate offices, and increasing the companysability to respond to betting fluctuations (William Hill PLC 2004).  The firm did incur additional capital investment expense during 2004due to the purchase of the EPOS system, but the Annual Report indicatesthis is a negligible amount and will be easily amortised. Cost benefits, resulting in increased profits and more competitiveprice structures, in combination with lack of product differentiationin the gaming sector, can be expected to result in increased marketshare for William Hill.   This increase should occur across all four ofits gaming platforms, although primarily in Internet, mobile andtelevision sales, as lack of differentiation causes sector-wideconsolidation and the elimination or absorption of smaller firms byindustry leaders (Thomas 2004).   Some market advantage certainly goes to the organisations with the most(and most convenient) locations.   William Hill CEO David Hardingstresses the importance of place in the firms differentiation efforts,contending branding and convenience are the most important factors ingaming choice.   â€Å"People always underestimate the guiding principle ofbetting, and thats to make it convenient,† he states, â€Å"branding willalways remain dominant, and as long as you make it easy to gamble,people will do so† (Hargrave 2004, P20).   Along this line of thinking,over time the sector power of larger organisations with theirestablished shop sites will cause market consolidation, squeezing outsmaller firms (Thomas 2004).   This then further enhances theconvenience of the shops of large-sector players.   Organisations thatcan integrate their various services, as described above in theinteraction between internet gamblers, William Hill  rquote s voucher system, and EPOS machines in the local retail shops, also have an advantage in the convenience department.   However, loss of personal touch is something William Hill should beseriously considering.   Atomisation historically causes loss of jobs,and â€Å"William Hill employs more than 10,000 people:   8,500 in shops,1,000 in call centres, and 1,000 in support† (Smethurst 2004, 36).  People, particularly retail staff, play a major role in product andorganisation differentiation within a service-based firm such asWilliam Hill.   This is particularly relevant as the company pridesitself for its rigorous hiring practices and top-notch staff.   WilliamHill undertook a complicated pre-hiring screening process to help thecompany ensure i t was bringing in workers with the best possible jobfit (Smethurst 2004).   For example, the human resources department atWilliam Hill â€Å"identified the motivational factors that make someonegood at a job,† then formulated a profile of the ideal front-line staffperson (Smethurst 2004, 36).   This profile was used to c reate anautomated telephone screening process that was used with all initialapplicants to the retail shops.   The company then sends potentialrecruits through interviews and role-play exercises before making a joboffer (Smethurst 2004).   All these evaluate the attitude as well as theskills of potential employees.   Smethurst quotes Russell as saying,â€Å"you can add skills to people, but if they had the wrong attitude inthe first place then its not going to work† (2004, 36).   HopefullyWilliam Hill management has considered the possible impact on staff andtheir attitudes in their implementation of EPOS machines.Human Resources Consultant Richard Samson of the EraNova Instituterecently presented his theory of out-peopling (Frauenheim 2001).   Justas jobs can be off-shored from one country to another, so jobs can beout-peopled, going from work performed by people to work performed bymachines.   While this can offer short-term advantage, Samson arguesthat similar potential losses are likely in the long-term.   â€Å"Most ofthe work tasks done now by people will be done by smart technologywithin twenty to thirty years† (Frauenheim 2001).   Job loss causesanger and resentment amongst those put out of an organisation, andoften-sympathetic bad attitudes with workers who remain.   This shouldbe of particular relevance for a firm so concerned about workerattitude that they developed a complex and expensive screening processto ensure proper attitude amongst new hires.   Remaining employees alsobecome even more key to the generation and maintenance of customerloyalty, as   the fewer employees with whom an individual customerinteracts, the more important the quality of interaction with theemployee becomes (Garavan 1997).Reduction in employees in proportion to machines can also influence thepublics perceptions of the organisation.   William Hill is a companythat promotes service as part of its corporate image.   This serviceinfers a level of caring amongst those at the company for theircustomer (Company Website 2005).   If the customer begins to viewWilliam Hill shops as simply a place lined with electronic kiosks, muchlike the gambling version of the local Laundromat, this image of caringservice is no longer projected.   This can contribute to customerloyalty and repeat purchase over the long-term.   Management must find away to maintain its positive corporate image, therefore, while goingforward with its atomisation and cost-saving plans.Loss of jobs also creates macroeconomic impacts for both the sector andthe country.   This has historically been evidenced across manyse ctors.   In agriculture, for instance, small farms that once requiredan entire family to run have been swallowed up and consolidated withlarge commercial ventures that employ many machines and few people(Gottheil 1999).   Economic impacts of rapid changes in job availabilityand employment can destabilise an entire economy.   If unemploymentsoars and discretionary income plummets, William Hill and other gamingorganisations will likely see a sharp drop in profits, as they are adiscretionary spend for most consumers (Gottheil 1999).  Ã‚  Ã‚   More machines also lead to the increased likelihood of gamblingabuse.   The University of Sydney, Australia, undertook a significantstudy of the effect of gambling machines, ATM machines, and EPOSsystems on gambling abuse and addiction (Blaszczynski, Sharpe andWalker 2001).   They found customers were more likely to abuse gamblingor display addictive behaviour when gaming places were primarilymachine-serviced.   The more people invol ved in gaming transactions, theless likely addictive behaviour was evidenced, unless such behaviourwas encouraged by the staff involved (Blaszczynski, Sharpe and Walker2001).   They additionally found limiting the combination of machines,such as removing ATM machines from shops where EPOS and similar wereavailable reduced addictive behaviours.Also, while gambling addicts are often profitable in the short-term togaming establishments, too many people suffering from this malady hastraditionally led to public outcry, tightening of gaming regulation,and increased taxes on winnings (Blaszczynski, Sharpe and Walker2001).   It is in the best interests of all involved, therefore, forgaming organisations to strive to increase customers gambling spendingwithout crossing the line into gambling addiction.   The University ofSydney study showed that slowing the timing on machines, for example,reduced the likelihood of display of addictive behaviour Blaszczynski,Sharpe and Walker 2001.   Research and findings such as this should bestrongly evaluated by William Hill management to ensure the optimum useof gaming machines in its shops.Still, not withstanding possible detractions to the organisation, theEPOS system offers many potential benefits to the William Hill firm.  Electronic point of sale technology will enable the bookmaker to take,settle and pay bets electronically, record information from suchtransactions in a central software system, display and distributetargeted betting opportunities and manage estate-wide risk (WilliamHill PLC 2004).   Of these benefits, the two most intriguing from acorporate standpoint are the ability to gather data and profilecustomers, and the resulting use of such data in creating targeted andevent-specific marketing.The EPOS system also allows for extensive capture of customerinformation.   Data generated from customer input can include the numberand frequency of bets, the type of events bet upon, the average amountof each bet , and much more.   This allows the firms management tocreate customer profiles, representing current and target consumergroups.   (Woodruff and Gardial 1996).   For example, a middle-agedcustomer bets on dog races every other Friday.   He typically bets onthe favourites, in the total spend range of pounds forty to sixty, witha typical mix of eight to twelve bets of three to five pounds each.  Since he frequents William Hill, the company can assume some level ofretail brand or local shop loyalty.   The firm would like to see thecustomer bet more often, and in greater amount.   Because they havecollected this data on the customer through the EPOS system, they cansend him direct, targeted advertisements for dog races, and bettingwithin his favoured range.  Ã‚   If they can entice him to place a betoutside his pattern, they have potentially increased his regular spendin addition to this one betting event (Smethurst 2004).   Data gathered from the EPOS system can also b e used to create customerprofiles, which can then be targeted for marketing and event-specificadvertising.   William Hill noticed from similar data gathered on itswebsite that many were registering but not betting.   They hired aprivate firm to assist them in converting this web traffic into betting(Lee 2004).   The firm divided website registrants into four randomgroups.   One group was sent nothing, one was sent a service-led followup email, one was sent an offer-let follow up email, and one received areminder email that they had yet to place a bet.   The company was ableto demonstrate that service- and offer-led email follow up increasedthe number of registrants who became bettors by more than five percent(Lee 2004).   If an experiment such as this can have such positiveresults with random groups, imagine the impact of targeted emails andadvertising on William Hills customer base.Another benefit to the company is that electronic point-of-saletechnology will increase t he efficiency of William Hills bettingoperations.   Prior to the EPOS system, all bets were placed andrecorded manually in betting shops.   In an oversimplified explanationof the manual process, a customer would place a bet by giving a writtenticket to a retail shop staff member, who would give them a receipt inreturn.   The customers bet would be recorded in the shop, and if theywere entitled to winnings, these would be settled by the shop manageror designated staff person.   The organisation had various managementinformation systems into which data from individual shops was recorded,and this was forwarded to the central offices on a regular basis(Caldecote 2004).   Issues for management with the manual system included both the accuracyand detail of reporting.   For example, under scrutiny regarding theannual amount of unclaimed returns at William Hill, David Hood claimedthe company was unable to quantify annual unclaimed returns because thepre-EPOS reporting system did not record or allow for such (Caldecote2004).   This type of information is vital to managements analysis ofthe overall health of the organisation, in addition to profit and losscalculations.   The detail of information provided by the EPOS systemwill easily rectify these reporting difficulties.   The electronicsystem will also save time, allowing data from each shop to be capturedalmost instantly (William Hill PLC 2004).   This enables the company tocalculate statistics and perform analysis on events as they occur, forexample.   In a time-sensitive business such as gambling, this can be ofgreat advantage.Another benefit is that the EPOS system potentially allows William Hillto expand business hours at reduced cost.   As it reduces the need forstaff, betting shops can remain open longer for the same staff costs.  Longer hours give customers more opportunity to bet, increasing thelikelihood of more customers betting because of the enhancement inconvenience, and increas ing the amount customers are likely to bet, asthey are in the betting shop for a longer period of time.   Morecustomers and more spend mean more profit, and potentially more marketshare, all of which are naturally favourable to management (Woodruffand Gardial 1996).     Ã‚  Ã‚   Increased efficiency typically leads to increased competitiveness,provided the firm is being efficient about the right activities.  William Hill was a bit behind its competitors, being the last major UKbookmaker to implement an EPOS system.   It faces one primary competitorin the broader sector, Ladbrokes, and a slew of smaller competitors,primarily in the online market (Thomas 2004).   While many of thesesmaller competitors are striving for differentiation along a variety oflines, William Hill holds to its position that its company branding andstatus will carry it through against such firms.   It has the advantageover Ladbrokes of being in the online gambling arena longer, and hasstepped ahead of them in its entry into television.   Ladbrokes has alarger number of traditional shops, however, which must be factored ingiven William Hills emphasis on the importance of convenience andplace in its loyalty strategies (Thomas 2004, Hargrave 2004).   Ladbrokes also has employed EPOS for a longer time, and has thereforeincreased the integration of the machines and the data they generateinto its overall business and marketing strategies (Hargrave 2004).  The two have similar brand recognition, and are viewed as primecompetitors.   Given Ladbrokes already uses an EPOS system, it is morelikely that increased market share for William Hill will come from theelimination or absorption of smaller competitors, rather thansignificant customer win from Ladbrokes.  Ã‚   Findings of the analysis of available literature concerning WilliamHill, EPOS systems, and potential benefits and losses are generallyfavourable for the EPOS system.   The potential drawbacks of the EPOSsystem include lessened customer loyalty and damage to the corporateimage of a service-oriented firm.   Staff attitude and feeling of valuealso have the potential to suffer from automation.   The system fits inbroad corporate culture of a firm innovative in its use of technology,but may have a negative impact on employees and could potentiallychange local shop culture.   This is particularly important if jobs willbe lost or phased out due to the introduction of the EPOS machines,although the company has not indicated this will be the case.   Theorganisation must finally be cognisant during both implementation andcontinued operation of the potential for gambling abuse and addictionusing EPOS and other automated gambling devices, and make an effort toprovide   a safe, contro lled betting environment.The anticipated benefits of the system, however, outweigh potentialdrawbacks.   First, the EPOS system will increase efficiency in how betsare taken, settled, and paid, both increasing security in bettingtransactions and making each transaction faster and less expensive.  This provides the firm with the potential to forward such savings tothe consumer, increasing the companys ability to meet or beatcompetitors on price issues.   Whether or not any cost savings are passed along to the consumer, thesystem also makes William Hill more competitive in a number of otherways.   In combination with the voucher system already in place, theEPOS system greatly increases the convenience afforded to the customerin placing and settling bets, and withdrawing winnings.   This increasedconvenience is anticipated to result in new customers, particularlythose drawn from other

Personal Narrative: Hiking Accident :: essays research papers

Many years ago when I was a freshman in high school, an event happened to me that changed my life for the better. My friend invited me to go hiking with him and his sister. He was going to go hiking in Yosemite. The following day I prepared myself mentally and physically in order to accomplish this hike. While on the road my friend’s sister and I got to know each other very well. We talked about how we were doing in school, and many other things. As time went by we could see the mountains getting closer and closer to us. We could not wait to climb El Capitan. When we finally arrived, we unpacked and got ready to hike El Capitan. On the way up the hike we had a great time because as we hiked up we talked about how cool it was going to be up there on top of the world. After three hours we arrived at our first break stop. We stopped at a section that was on top of the waterfall. The view was amazing and spectacular because we had never seen anything like this. As we continued our hike after several more break stops, and nine more hours of hiking, we finally arrived at the top of El Capitan. Once we got to the top the view was amazing. We could not imagine how beautiful it was up there on top of the world. After about half an hour we started heading back down, when all of a sudden out of no where I felt someone push me out of the way. A man that was in a hurry to get back down pushed me so hard, that I lost my balance and fell of a twenty foot cliff. At that moment in time I could see flashbacks of my life. After a couple seconds of falling I somehow landed between two rocks which shattered my right foot. After that happen every one that was there tried to get help but unfortunately cell phones do not work in Yosemite, but the man that pushed me ove r the cliff had a walky-talky and he called for help.

Adolescent Offender Essay

Lionel Tate, a fourteen year old Florida boy was sentenced to life during March 2001 for killing Tiffany Eunick, a six- year boy during a wrestling match which took place in 1999. Thus he was convicted of first degree murder as the killing was due to aggravated child abuse and he was sentenced to life without parole.   His sentence was questioned by many critics and many wonder how the justice system allows to send a just fourteen year old boy to prison for life. The underlying question in the ongoing debate was that how a juvenile can be awarded punishment similar to their adult offenders. [i] Adolescent can be defined as the stage of life cycle from puberty to maturity ends at the age of majority. Adolescent thus refers to the change in physical system of a human leading to sexual maturity. Many adolescent teenagers without proper support factors can end in the ‘cracks’ and may land in hostile world. Juvenile delinquency means antisocial attitude beyond the control of parents and result in crimes that is punishable with imprisonment. In other words, it is a criminal offense committed by a minor. See more: Analysis of Starbucks coffee company employees essay Rolf Loeber has conducted research on delinquent paths or trajectories and recognized three discrete paths to a criminal career such as 1) the authority conflict pathway 2) The convert pathway 3) The overt pathway; He also recognise that disruptive behavior that starts from in early childhood with truancy ,lying , threat to animals . There were more than 600 murders that were committed by young people aged 12. Thus in the case of Lionel, it starts from early age of 12 and corroborates with Loeber finding under the overt pathway which escalated to aggressive acts beginning with aggression leading to violence i.e. murder. The Lionel may be of suffering from Problem behavior syndrome (PBS). People with these syndromes will resort to physical abuse, sensation seeking, and arrogance. Researches reveal that delinquent possessed this inherent behavior from very early young age. Some had resorted to drug abuse and heavy drinking as early as at age of 10 or still younger.   Thus the Rolf Loeber and David Farrington study reveals that early-onset offenders had a disruptive behavior with truancy, lying, cruelty to animals and theft. Thus the attitude of young offenders can be attributed when there is no adequate parental care, the environment of their brought up , inherent characteristics at birth and may also due to Problem behavior syndrome ( PBS) [i] Scott, Elizabeth S, ‘Blaming Youth’, Texas Law Review, Feb, 2003. Children Committing First Crime at Just 11. (2005, February 15). The Evening Standard (London, England), p. 16.